Herodotus, Histories - Greek History C5th B.C.The Homeric Hymns - Greek Epic C8th - 4th B.C.held his own child, the son of Penelope, hornstrong hairy Pan." the other was Nomios (Of the Flocks), whom the pasturing sheep loved well, one practised in the shepherd’s pipe, for whom Hermes sought the bed of Penelopeia the country Nymphe." "Panes, the sons of Hermes, who divided his love between two Nymphai (Nymphs) for one he visited the bed of Sose. "Some say that Penelope was seduced by Antinous, and returned by Odysseus to her father Ikarios (Icarius), and that when she reached Mantineia in Arkadia, she bore Pan, to Hermes." Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : and Pan the son of Penelope, for according to the Greeks Penelope and Hermes were the parents of Pan, was about eight hundred years before me, and thus of a later date than the Trojan war." "Pan is held to be the youngest of the gods. Then luck-bringing Hermes received him and took him in his arms : very glad in his heart was the god." But when the nurse saw his uncouth face and full beard, she was afraid and sprang up and fled and left the child. And in the house she bare Hermes a dear son who from his birth was marvellous to look upon, with goat's feet and two horns-a noisy, merry-laughing child. For there, though a god, he used to tend curly-fleeced sheep in the service of a mortal man, because there fell on him and waxed a strong melting desire to wed the rich-tressed daughter of Dryopos (Oak-Face), and there he brought about the merry marriage. there where his sacred place is as god of Kyllene (Cyllene). Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th to 4th B.C.) : She is simply referred to as the "daughter of Dryopos." The mother of Pan is not named in the Homeric Hymn. PAN-NOMIOS (by Hermes) (Nonnus Dionysiaca 14.67) PAN (by Hermes) * (Homeric Hymns 19 to Pan, Herodotus 2.153.1, Apollodorus E7.38, Hyginus Fabulae 224) DRYOPOS * (Homeric Hymn 19 to Pan) OFFSPRING As a daughter of Dryopos she was may have been confounded with Dryope, a Dryopian princess seduced by the god Apollon in the guise of a tortoise-a form perhaps more suited to Hermes in his seduction of the Arkadian daughter of Dryopos. Penelopeia was probably identified with the nymphs Sose and Thymbris who are otherwise named as the mother of Pan. The latter would certainly be an appropriate name for the mother of a god of hunting and flocks. The nymph's name was perhaps derived from the Greek words pênê and lopas meaning "needle and thread," or else from pan and lopos "to peel-away-all"-which might suggest the shearing of sheep or the skinning of animals. Penelopeia was frequently confounded with Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, and many ancient writers constructed stories to explain how that woman came to abscond to Arkadia and give birth to a goatish god. Her father Dryopos "Oak-Face" was probably the craggy, old god of the mountain. PENELOPEIA (Penelope) was an Epimelid-nymph of Mount Kyllene (Cyllene) in Arkadia (southern Greece) who was the mother by Hermes of the goat-legged god Pan.
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